![]() Describe in detail the nature of the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli and the response, using the appropriate psychological terms. If post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD is a type of classical conditioning, how might psychologists use the principles of classical conditioning to treat the disorder? |
![]() For example, there have been isolated reports suggesting the presence of S2-US associations in second-order conditioning Ross 1986; Barnet and Miller 1996 In addition, in one conditioning situation-autoshaping in pigeons-extinction of S1 substantially reduces the conditioned response to S2, suggesting that S2-S1 associations are the principle basis of second-order conditioning in this paradigm Leyland 1977; Rashotte et al. |
![]() The off-season is the time when players work on their strength conditioning. Through physical conditioning, a good diet, and the right attitude you can slow down the aging process. Our strength and conditioning made all the difference in a tough contest. |
![]() Classical conditioning: Neutral, conditioned, and unconditioned stimuli and responses. Classical conditioning: Extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination. Operant conditioning: Positive-and-negative reinforcement and punishment. Operant conditioning: Shaping. Operant conditioning: Schedules of reinforcement. Operant conditioning: Innate vs learned behaviors. Operant conditioning: Escape and avoidance learning. |
![]() Then there is Trace Conditioning which is when the the bell comes onthen goes off for a fixed amount of time before the meat was delivered. These three techniques Trace, Simultaneous, and Delay are all presentbefore the Controlled Stimulus, this is Forward Classical Conditioning there, is however Backward Classical Conditioning where the UnconditionedStimulus comes before the Conditioned Stimulus. |
![]() In our example, the conditioned response would be feeling hungry when you heard the sound of the whistle. In the after conditioning phase, the conditioned stimulus alone triggers the conditioned response. Behaviorists have described a number of different phenomena associated withclassical conditioning. |
![]() Differences Between Operant and Classical Conditioning. 1 In classical conditioning, the conditional behavior CR is triggered by the particular stimulus CS and is therefore called an elicited behavior. Operant behavior is an emitted behavior in the sense that it occurs in a situation containing many stimuli and seems to be initiated by the organism. |
![]() There are many factors that affect the strength of classical conditioning, and these have been the subject of much research and theory see Rescorla Wagner, 1972; Pearce Bouton, 2001 Behavioral neuroscientists have also used classical conditioning to investigate many of the basic brain processes that are involved in learning see Fanselow Poulos, 2005; Thompson Steinmetz, 2009. |